Legends and Myths of the Origin of the Inca Empire
The Inca civilization, originating in the heart of the Andes, is filled with mysteries and fascination. Although the legends and myths of the Incas might seem forgotten over time, these tales and stories have endured, passed down from generation to generation. Each myth and legend offers a unique opportunity to understand their worldview and the values that guided their daily lives.
In this article, we will discuss some of the most intriguing stories and myths of Inca culture. They range from the creation of the world to the experiences and adventures of their most revered gods.
Origin of the Inca Empire: The Legend of Manco Cápac and Mama Ocllo
One of the most well-known legends about the origin of the Incas is the story of Manco Cápac and Mama Ocllo. As the legend goes, the sun god Inti dispatched his children, Manco Cápac and Mama Ocllo, to the earth. They emerged from Lake Titicaca in the Puno region. Their purpose was to civilize the wild tribes inhabiting the Andes. They taught them agricultural skills, how to live harmoniously, and to acknowledge the existence of the sun god.
Wiracocha: The Creator God
Wiracocha, the creator god, is central in Inca mythology and is considered the supreme god of the Incas. Some historians believe his origin emerged from Lake Titicaca. Wiracocha created the sky, the earth, and all living beings. According to legends, he formed the first humans from stone and gave them life.
These first humans, however, became corrupt and disobedient, angering Wiracocha. He decided to destroy them and start anew. With this new beginning, he created humans with almost similar traits. These humans received gifts for agriculture and knowledge to live in harmony with their neighbors and nature. Note: Wiracocha or Viracocha derives from the Quechua language, translating to “lord.”
Pachamama and Pacha Kamaq: Gods of Earth and Creation
Pachamama, the goddess of the earth and fertility, is one of the most revered deities in Inca culture to this day. The Incas believed Pachamama was responsible for the prosperity of the earth and its crops. To ensure her blessing on the harvests and protection over their lands, the Incas made sacrifices and offerings to her.
Pacha Kamaq, another creator god, was generally seen as a male counterpart to Pachamama. He played an important role in Inca mythology. Like Wiracocha, Pacha Kamaq is responsible for giving a soul to the earth.
The Myth of Inti and the Inti Raymi Festival
Inti, the Sun God, was worshipped during the Inca period. The Incas believed he was the son of Wiracocha. Inti was considered the bearer of life and light. He was also seen as their divine ancestor and protector of the empire. Each year, during the winter solstice, the Incas celebrated the Inti Raymi, a grand ceremony in honor of Inti. This festival included rituals, dances, and sacrifices to ensure the benevolence of the Sun God and the prosperity of the Inca people.
Today, Inti Raymi is still celebrated in true Inca style. It is a significant celebration in Cusco, held every June 24th.
Apu Ausangate and Salkantay
The Andes mountains, including the snow-capped peaks of Cusco like Salkantay and Ausangate, were known as Apus. Apus are sacred spirits responsible for protecting and overseeing the people and the natural environment. The Incas saw them as their protectors and founded the city of Cusco between these two important Apus.
In addition to the major Apus in Cusco, there are many more, such as Apu Pachatusan, Wanakawri, Anawarque, Senca, and Picol. These Apus are considered sacred spirits playing a vital role in protecting and ensuring the well-being of local communities. Note: Apu also means god.
Conclusion
The legends and myths of Inca culture are not just old tales. They are fundamental pillars of Andean identity and worldview. These stories offer a profound understanding of how the Incas interpreted the natural world and their place within it.
By exploring these stories, we can appreciate the beliefs and values of one of the most advanced civilizations in the Americas. This understanding gives us deeper insights into the challenges and achievements that defined their existence.
The cultural richness left by the Incas remains a source of inspiration and reflection. It reveals the deep connection they had with their environment and the forces they considered sacred. By valuing and studying these legends, we keep alive the heritage of a civilization that, despite the centuries, continues to resonate in the present.
